Argentina's last military dictator jailed for role in international death squad

Argentina’s last military dictator, 88-year-old former general Reynaldo Bignone, was today sentenced to 20 years in prison for his role in Operation Condor, under which an international death squad was set up by six South American military dictatorships during the 1970s and 80s. The plan allowed death squads fromArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay to cross into one another’s territory to kidnap, torture and kill political opponents who had fled across the border.

Most of the 105 cases of “illegal arrest” followed by death covered by the trial involved foreign nationals – 45 Uruguayans, 22 Chileans, 13 Paraguayans and11 Bolivians – killed while living in exile in Argentina.

Among other crimes, Riveros was sentenced for a case involving a young Uruguayan couple, María Gatti and Jorge Zaffaroni, who fled to Argentina in 1975. Kidnapped the next year along with their infant child, Mariana, the couple were taken to Automotores Orletti, a detention centre that acted as the headquarters of Operation Condor in Buenos Aires.

The Uruguayan couple were murdered and their one-year-old child was given to Argentinian intelligence officer Miguel Angel Furci to raise as his own. It was only 16 years later, in 1992, that Mariana Zaffaroni was reunited with her biological family. Furci was also among the condemnedon Friday, sentenced to 25 years, on dozens of counts of torture and illegal arrest at the Orletti centre.

Although the role of the US in Condor was not under examination, substantial evidence was produced during the three-year trial concerning Washington’s role.

“We obtained documentation, both from declassified files of the US state department and from South American records, showing that the US was aware that Condor was killing people and even provided technical assistance,” said Palmás Zaldúa. “There is evidence the CIA provided computers and that Condor members communicated via a US telex service based in Panama.”

One US state department document from October 1981 related how Condor members “keep in touch with one another through a US communications installation in the Panama canal zone, which covers all of Latin America”.

Although the telex service, dubbed Condortel, was officially meant to be used by South American officers under military training by the US in Panama, the document, a cable from the US embassy in Paraguay to Washington, states that “it is also employed to coordinate intelligence information among the Southern Cone countries”. The document adds: “This is the Condor network which all of us have heard about over the last few years.”

New revelations regarding the role of the US in Condor could emerge in the near future. “So far we have only seen US state department files,” said lawyer Palmás Zaldúa. “We expect to find much more information once Pentagon and CIA files relating to the period of South America’s military dictatorships are released.”

President Barack Obama promised to release all US files, including military and intelligence records, during his visit to Argentina in March this year. “I believe we have a responsibility to confront the past with honesty and transparency,” he said.